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Lechem Mishna
1. To remind us of
the “manna” which
fell in a double
portion for the sake
of Shabbos we must
recite Hamotzi on
Shabbos over two
complete loaves of
bread. Some
authorities classify
this as a Torah
obligation.
2. As many meals as
one may eat on
Shabbos, one must
use two loaves.
3. Each roll or loaf
should be, at least,
the size of a
k’zayis. If reciting
Hamotzi for others,
it is proper that
each person should
receive a portion
from the two breads.
4. The breads should
be whole. Two breads
connected during the
baking process are
still considered as
two whole breads
when separated.
5. If 1/48 is
missing, which is
the usual amount for
the mitzva of
“removing challa”,
the loaf is still
considered whole.
6. One may use as
the second loaf the
following (although
he will not
necessarily eat that
second loaf)
a. a frozen loaf
b. a borrowed loaf
c. non shmura matzo
(on the night of
Pesach)
d. a roll used with
a dairy meal for a
meat meal.
7. Women are also
obligated to make
hamotzi on two
loaves of bread.
8. Concerning the
use of cake,
danishes, pastries,
etc. for lechem
mishna, the
following apply.
a. If one is eating
a meal without bread
and the cake is the
staple of the meal
he may use the two
cakes or such for
“lechem mishna”.
b. If he is eating
bread, then cake
could be used as
lechem mishna only
in an emergency.
c. The Kitzur
Shulchan Aruch
writes that when one
makes kiddush
Shabbos morning
without bread,
before the regular
meal, one should
strive to have two
cake, pastries, etc.
d. The Minchas
Yitzchak suggests
this should be done
discreetly, for it
is a novel idea.
9. If one has only
one whole bread, a
piece of another
bread should be
taken to represent
the second loaf. If
one does not even
have that first
bread, two pieces of
bread should be
taken to represent
lechem mishna.
10. Some have the
custom to cut both
loaves of bread at
each meal.
11. Those who answer
“amain” to the
hamotzi are also
part of the lechem
mishna if they eat
from the lechem
mishna.
12. This could apply
to a person who:
a. did not yet say
“al nitilas yadaim”
b. did not even dry
his hands
c. if no other
choice, even if he
had not as yet
washed his hands.
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